The connectivity decisions that set how far a cluster can scale.
Chip-to-chip and coherent memory links in the server.
UALink, Ethernet, ESUN and the SerDes carrying it all — scale-up fabrics tying thousands of XPUs together.
Linear-drive and pluggable optics that strip out retiming to save power and latency on the link.
Moving the optical engine beside the die — CPO, COUPE, and silicon photonics for multi-die systems.